GWAS determined genetic loci associated with callus induction in oil palm tissue culture.

KEY MESSAGE: GWAS identified six loci at 25 kb downstream of WAK2, a crucial gene for cell wall and callus formation, enabling development of a SNP marker for enhanced callus induction potential. Efficient callus induction is vital for successful oil palm tissue culture, yet identifying genomic loci and markers for early detection of genotypes with high potential of callus induction remains unclear. In this study, immature male inflorescences from 198 oil palm accessions (dura, tenera and pisifera) were used as explants for tissue culture. Callus induction rates were collected at one-, two- and three-months after inoculation (C1, C2 and C3) as phenotypes. Resequencing generated 11,475,258 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genotypes. GWAS was then performed, and correlation analysis revealed a positive association of C1 with both C2 (R = 0.81) and C3 (R = 0.50), indicating that C1 could be used as the major phenotype for callus induction rate. Therefore, only significant SNPs (P ≤ 0.05) in C1 were identified to develop markers for screening individuals with high potential of callus induction. Among 21 significant SNPs in C1, LD block analysis revealed six SNPs on chromosome 12 (Chr12) potentially linked to callus formation. Subsequently, 13 SNP markers were identified from these loci and electrophoresis results showed that marker C-12 at locus Chr12_12704856 can be used effectively to distinguish the GG allele, which showed the highest probability (69%) of callus induction. Furthermore, a rapid SNP variant detection method without electrophoresis was established via qPCR-based melting curve analysis. Our findings facilitated marker-assisted selection for specific palms with high potential of callus induction using immature male inflorescence as explant, aiding ortet palm selection in oil palm tissue culture.

Burden of depression in adolescents in the Western Pacific Region from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a highly prevalent and disabling mental health condition among adolescents. The epidemiology of depression in adolescents has been changing over time, reflecting changes in risk factors as well as disease concepts and diagnosis. However, few studies have characterized the longitudinal epidemiology of depression in adolescents. Understanding trends of disease burden provides key insights to improve resource allocation and design targeted interventions for this vulnerable population. The Western Pacific Region (WPR) is home to over 1.3 billion people with tremendous diversity in culture and socioeconomic development. The epidemiology of adolescent depression in WPR remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to estimate trends of disease burden attributable to depressive disorders among adolescents aged 10-24 years in WPR countries between 1990 and 2019, and to investigate period and cohort effects using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study database. METHODS: The study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, concentrating on adolescents aged 10 to 24 years with depression. We conducted an in-depth analysis of depression, including its age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), across diverse demographics such as regions, ages, genders, and socio-demographic indexes, spanning from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS: The analysis found decreasing trends in the prevalence, incidence, and DALYs of adolescent depression in the WPR between 1990-2019, although some countries like Australia and Malaysia showed increases. Specifically, the prevalence of adolescent depression in the region decreased from 9,347,861.6 cases in 1990 to 5,551,341.1 cases in 2019. The incidence rate declined from 2,508.6 per 100,000 adolescents in 1990 to 1,947.9 per 100,000 in 2019. DALYs decreased from 371.9 per 100,000 in 1990 to ASR 299.7 per 100,000 in 2019. CONCLUSION: This study found an overall decreasing trend in adolescent depression burden in the Western Pacific Region between 1990 and 2019, with heterogeneity across countries. For 30 years, the 20-24 age group accounted for the majority of depression among adolescents Widening inequality in depression burden requires policy attention. Further analysis of risk factors contributing to epidemiological trends is warranted to inform prevention strategies targeting adolescent mental health in the region.

Paenibacillus thermotolerans sp. nov., isolated from a hot spring in Yunnan Province, south-west China.

Two Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming strains, YIM B05601 and YIM B05602T, were isolated from soil sampled at Hamazui hot spring, Tengchong City, Yunnan Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the two strains fell within the genus Paenibacillus, appearing most closely related to Paenibacillus alkalitolerans YIM B00362T (96.9 % sequence similarity). Genome-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed that strains YIM B05601 and YIM B05602T formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster within the genus Paenibacillus. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of strains YIM B05601 and YIM B05602T with the related species P. alkalitolerans YIM B00362T were within the ranges of 74.43-74.57 % and 12.1-18.5 %, respectively, which clearly indicated that strains YIM B05601, YIM B05602T represented a novel species. Strains YIM B05601 and YIM B05602T exhibited 99.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The ANI and dDDH values between the two strains were 99.8 and 100 %, respectively, suggesting that they belong to the same species. Optimum growth for both strains occurred at pH 7.0 and 45 °C. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains YIM B05601 and YIM B05602T was meso-diaminopimelic acid. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids of strain YIM B05602T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, four unidentified glycolipids, an unidentified polarlipid and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The major fatty acids of the two stains were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. Based on phylogenomic and phylogenetic analyses coupled with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strains YIM B05601 and YIM B05602T could be classified as a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus thermotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B05602T (=CGMCC 1.60051T=KCTC 43460T=NBRC 115924T).

Confirmation of the stereochemistry of spiroviolene.

We confirm the previously revised stereochemistry of spiroviolene by X-ray crystallographically characterizing a hydrazone derivative of 9-oxospiroviolane, which is synthesized by hydroboration/oxidation of spiroviolene followed by oxidation of the resultant hydroxy group. An unexpected thermal boron migration occurred during the hydroboration process of spiroviolene that resulted in the production of a mixture of 1α-hydroxyspiroviolane, 9α- and 9ß-hydroxyspiroviolane after oxidation. The assertion of the cis-orientation of the 19- and 20-methyl groups provided further support for the revised cyclization mechanism of spiroviolene.

Psychological interventions for depression in children and adolescents: A bibliometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: Depression has gradually become a common psychological disorder among children and adolescents. Depression in children and adolescents affects their physical and mental development. Psychotherapy is considered to be one of the main treatment options for depressed children and adolescents. However, our understanding of the global performance and progress of psychological interventions for depression in children and adolescents (PIDCA) research is limited. AIM: To identify collaborative research networks in this field and explore the current research status and hotspots through bibliometrics. METHODS: Articles and reviews related to PIDCA from January 2010 to April 2023 were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The Charticulator website, CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to visualize the trends in publications and citations, the collaborative research networks (countries, institutions, and authors), and the current research status and hotspots. RESULTS: Until April 16, 2023, 1482 publications were identified. The number of documents published each year and citations had increased rapidly in this field. The United States had the highest productivity in this field. The most prolific institution was the University of London. Pim Cuijpers was the most prolific author. In the context of research related to PIDCA, both reference co-citation analysis and keywords co-occurrence analysis identified 10 research hotspots, including third-wave cognitive behavior therapy, short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, family element in psychotherapy, modular treatment, mobile-health, emotion-regulation-based transdiagnostic intervention program, dementia risk in later life, predictors of the efficacy of psychological intervention, and risks of psychological intervention. CONCLUSION: This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive overview of PIDCA from 2010 to present. Psychological intervention characterized as psychological-process-focused, short, family-involved, modular, internet-based, emotion-regulation-based, and personalized may benefit more young people.

Unveiling the impact of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus on cord blood CD71+ erythroid cell transcriptome.

IMPACT: This study reveals the effects of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the transcriptome of CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) in cord blood. It highlights the role of CECs in immunosuppressive function and identifies potential mechanisms linking GDM to adverse outcomes in offspring. This understanding might lead to improved strategies for managing and preventing adverse outcomes in infants born to mothers with GDM.

Comprehensive Analysis of 11 Species of Euodia (Rutaceae) by Untargeted LC-IT-TOF/MS Metabolomics and In Vitro Functional Methods.

The Euodia genus comprises numerous untapped medicinal plants that warrant thorough evaluation for their potential as valuable natural sources of herbal medicine or food flavorings. In this study, untargeted metabolomics and in vitro functional methods were employed to analyze fruit extracts from 11 significant species of the Euodia genus. An investigation of the distribution of metabolites (quinolone and indole quinazoline alkaloids) in these species indicated that E. rutaecarpa (Euodia rutaecarpa) was the most widely distributed species, followed by E. compacta (Euodia compacta), E. glabrifolia (Euodia glabrifolia), E. austrosinensis (Euodia austrosinensis), and E. fargesii (Euodia fargesii). There have been reports on the close correlation between indole quinazoline alkaloids and their anti-tumor activity, especially in E. rutaecarpa fruits which exhibit effectiveness against various types of cancer, such as SGC-7901, Hela, A549, and other cancer cell lines. Additionally, the E. rutaecarpa plant contains indole quinazoline alkaloids, which possess remarkable antibacterial properties. Our results offer novel insights into the utilization of Euodia resources in the pharmaceutical industry.

Association of dietary live microbe intake with various cognitive domains in US adults aged 60 years or older.

The purpose of this study was to explore whether dietary live microbe intake is associated with various cognitive domains using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. And the specific relationship between low, medium and high dietary live microbe intake groups and cognitive ability of the elderly. Dietary live microbe intake was calculated from 24-h diet recall interviews. Cognitive function was assessed using the number symbol substitution test (DSST, which measures processing speed), the animal fluency test (AFT, which measures executive function), the Alzheimer's Registry sub-test (CERAD, which measures memory), and the Composite Z-score, which adds the Z-values of individual tests. Multiple linear regression models and restricted cubic bar graphs were used to investigate the relationship between live microbe intake and cognitive performance. A total of 2,450 participants aged 60 or older were included. Live microbe intake was positively correlated with cognitive ability on the whole. Specifically, when the intake of low, medium and high live microbe was > 2640 g, > 39 g and > 0 g respectively, the CERAD, DSST, AFT and compositive-Z score of the subjects increased with the increase of microbial intake (P < 0.05). In American adults age 60 or older, higher intakes of live microbes were associated with better cognitive performance, especially after a certain amount was reached.

Conducting family meetings on families with dementia: An integrative review.

AIM: To explore the role of family meetings for individuals living with dementia and their family caregivers. DESIGN: Integrative review. METHODS: We conducted searches in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases (up to December 2022). Additionally, an ancestry search strategy was employed to supplement the retrieval of published literature related to family meetings or family conferences for people with dementia and their family caregivers. RESULTS: The review integrated 11 articles, comprising seven quantitative studies, two qualitative studies, and two case reports. The findings did not indicate a significant improvement in end-of-life quality for individuals with dementia in the family meetings group compared to those receiving usual care. Limited evidence suggested some improvement in mental health outcomes for family caregivers. Both intervention and control groups incurred high care costs. However, family meetings appeared to delay nursing home placements for individuals with dementia. Two qualitative studies provided insights into the experiences of families and healthcare professionals participating in family meetings, highlighting opportunities and challenges in implementing such meetings. Additionally, two case reports offered specific and illustrative accounts of typical family meetings. CONCLUSION: Family meetings can delay nursing home placements for elderly individuals with dementia. Families dealing with dementia perceive family meetings as an opportunity to collaborate with professionals in providing comprehensive care. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of family meetings in decision-making for families affected by dementia. Additionally, addressing timing and process coordination issues in family meetings is crucial for optimising their practices among families dealing with dementia. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In order to make family meetings more accessible to families of individuals with dementia, we offer the following recommendations for future research and practice: Rather than a blanket rejection, the decision regarding the participation of individuals with dementia in family meetings should be based on their specific condition and the needs of their family. Coordination and harmonisation of opinions and perceptions among family members of individuals with dementia can sometimes be complex for healthcare professionals. The involvement of family coordinators may simplify this process. To determine the optimal timing for holding family meetings that can better assist families dealing with dementia, we propose that the right to initiate a meeting be granted to the family. This allows them to convene with healthcare professionals and address their concerns at their convenience.

Evaluation of GeneXpert and advanced biological laboratories UltraGene HCV diagnostic detection and performance against Roche real time PCR in Myanmar.

BACKGROUND: Developing countries experience limited access to HCV laboratory tests for different reasons. Providing near to real-time HCV testing and results especially to at-risk populations including those in rural settings for timely initiation to treatment is key. Within a rural Myanmar setting, we compared HCV diagnostic detection and quantification of the GeneXpert, and Advanced Biological Laboratories UltraGene-HCV assays against the gold standard and reference method Roche real-time HCV in Myanmar. METHODS: Blood samples from 158 high-risk individuals were assessed using three different methods at baseline. Results were checked for normality and log transformed. Log differences and bias between methods were calculated and correlated. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the association of HCV viral loads across all methods. The level of agreement with the standard method (Roche real time HCV) was assessed using Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS: There was a strong positive correlation coefficient between all three methods with GeneXpert and Roche having the strongest, r = 0.96, (p<0.001). Compared to Roche, ABL (mean difference, 95 % limits of agreement; -0.063 and -1.4 to 1.3 Log10IU/mL) and GeneXpert (mean difference, 95 % limits of agreement; -0.28 and -0.7 to 1.8 Log10IU/mL) showed a good level of agreement with the GeneXpert being slightly superior. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate the excellent performance and no-inferiority, in terms of levels of agreements of both GeneXpert and ABL compared to the Roche platform and supporting the use of the POC assays as alternative a cost-effective methods in HCV detection and diagnosis in developing and low resource settings countries.

Endotaxial stabilization of 2D charge density waves with long-range order.

Charge density waves are emergent quantum states that spontaneously reduce crystal symmetry, drive metal-insulator transitions, and precede superconductivity. In low-dimensions, distinct quantum states arise, however, thermal fluctuations and external disorder destroy long-range order. Here we stabilize ordered two-dimensional (2D) charge density waves through endotaxial synthesis of confined monolayers of 1T-TaS2. Specifically, an ordered incommensurate charge density wave (oIC-CDW) is realized in 2D with dramatically enhanced amplitude and resistivity. By enhancing CDW order, the hexatic nature of charge density waves becomes observable. Upon heating via in-situ TEM, the CDW continuously melts in a reversible hexatic process wherein topological defects form in the charge density wave. From these results, new regimes of the CDW phase diagram for 1T-TaS2 are derived and consistent with the predicted emergence of vestigial quantum order.

Porphyrin-Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer Loaded with Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants under Visible Light.

The degradation of organic dye from waterbodies is of great significance for clean production and environmental remediation. Herein, two porphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) loaded with nanoscale zerovalent iron (named as Por-CMPs-1-2@nZVI) were successfully fabricated by Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reactions and the liquid-phase method. The as-synthesized Por-CMPs-1-2@nZVI composites were characterized by various means of analysis, and it was confirmed that Por-CMPs-1-2 loaded with nZVI had good photocatalytic performance. Calculated by ultraviolet-visible spectrum, the band-gap energies of Por-CMPs-1@nZVI and Por-CMPs-2@nZVI were 1.45 and 1.32 eV, respectively, indicating that both can be activated by visible light. The photodegradation of organic dye experiments demonstrated that Por-CMPs-2@nZVI degraded 98.0% of 10 ppm Methylene Blue (MB) within 150 min, which is higher than that of Por-CMPs-1-2 and Por-CMPs-1@nZVI. The experiment of active substance capture and mechanism of ESR confirmed that superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical were the primary valid substances in the photodegradation process of MB. In addition, the preparation of membrane materials was shown to be a successful strategy to realize engineered scale-up production.

Therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of poly (L-glutamic acid)-g-methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)/combretastatin A4/BLZ945 nanoparticles on Renca renal carcinoma.

Introduction: The prognosis of advanced renal carcinoma is not ideal, necessitating the exploration of novel treatment strategies. Poly(L-glutamic acid)-g-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)/Combretastatin A4 (CA4)/BLZ945 nanoparticles (CB-NPs) possess the dual capability of CA4 (targeting blood vessels to induce tumor necrosis) and BLZ945 (inducing M2 macrophage apoptosis), thereby inhibiting tumor growth. Methods: Here, the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism was explored by CCK-8 cytotoxicity experiment, transwell cell invasion and migration experiment, H&E, western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and other techniques. Results: These results demonstrated that CB-NPs could inhibit the growth of Renca cells and subcutaneous tumors in mice, with an impressive tumor inhibition rate of 88.0%. Results suggested that CB-NPs can induce necrosis in renal carcinoma cells and tissues, downregulate VEGFA expression, promote renal carcinoma cell apoptosis, and reduce the polarization of M2 macrophages. Discussion: These findings offer innovative perspectives for the treatment of advanced renal carcinoma.

Digital cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with insomnia and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT: Sleep problems are common among those with depression, and there is increasing evidence that sleep problems should be addressed during treatment simultaneously rather than treating depression alone. The first-line treatment for insomnia is cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), due to a lack of well-trained therapists and patient time constraints (travelling, work), CBT-I has not been popularized. The development of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) is making the treatment more accessible. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: Interventions for dCBT-I were significantly better than other control conditions in both reducing insomnia and improving depression in patients with depression and insomnia comorbidities. The effect was found to be related to the duration of the intervention and the severity of insomnia before the intervention and therapist-involved dCBT-I has less shedding than self-help. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: It's important for mental health practitioners to realize that insomnia in depressed people needs to be treated. Future trials may explore the effectiveness of therapist-guided dCBT-I in depressed populations and analyse the cost-effectiveness of this treatment. ABSTRACT: Aim The aim of the study was to systematically identify and synthesize the evidence for the effectiveness of digital cognitive behavioural therapy in insomnia with comorbid depression. Design Systematic review and metaanalysis. Methods A search was conducted on five English and four non-English databases from the inception of the databases to November 2023. This review adhered to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Statement 2020 and the included studies were evaluated using version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias tool. This review examined sleep-related outcomes, including insomnia severity and sleep diaries, along with psychological outcomes, such as depression. We conducted a meta-analysis of each outcome using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 statistic. Results A total of seven articles with 1864 participants were included in this review. The results showed that the digital cognitive behavioural therapy group demonstrated a statistically significant amelioration in the severity of insomnia symptoms, as well as a reduction in depressive symptomatology compared with the control groups. The post-intervention effect was found to be related to the duration of the intervention and the severity of insomnia before the intervention. Conclusions Digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia application in patients with depression and insomnia was demonstrated to be effective, less time-consuming and more accessible. Relevance to Clinical Practice We may consider incorporating nurses into treatment plans and conducting nurse-led interventions in specific programs. In the future, nurses may be able to provide exclusive digital behavioural therapy for insomnia to patients with depression to achieve greater effectiveness.

Adverse effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on fetal monocytes revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the most prevalent metabolic disorder during pregnancy, has long-term risks of metabolic diseases in offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we analyzed single-cell transcriptional data of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) from fetuses of healthy and GDM mothers, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children and adolescents, and coronary plaques myeloid cells from atherosclerosis. Our results demonstrated that monocytes in cord blood were characterized with down-regulated proinflammatory-related pathways and up-regulated proliferation-related pathways. And monocytes in cord blood from GDM mothers were featured with expanded CXCL8+IL1B+ subclusters, enhanced crosstalk with neutrophil granulocytes and augmented adhesive and phagocytic abilities. Interestingly, CXCL8+IL1B+ monocytes influenced by GDM had transcriptome similarity with those of coronary plaques myeloid cells from individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Collectively, our data reveal adverse impact of maternal GDM environment on fetal monocytes and propose potential mechanisms between maternal GDM and offspring atherosclerosis.

Description and genomic characterization of Cohnella caldifontis sp. nov., isolated from hot springs in Yunnan province, south-west China.

A bacterial strain, Gram staining positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with flagellum and endospore-forming, designated strain YIM B05605T, was isolated from soil sampled in Hamazui hot springs, Tengchong City, Yunnan province, China. Optimum growth for the strain occurred at pH 7.0 and 45 °C. MK-7 was the main menaquinone in the strain YIM B05605T. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME), unidentified glycolipid (GL), three unknown aminophospholipids (APLs) and unidentified polarlipid (PL) were part of the polar lipid profile. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The DNA G + C content of the type strain was 58.76%. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed that strain YIM B05605T formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster within the genus Cohnella. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of strain YIM B05605T with the most related species C. fontinalis YT-1101T were 73.42% and 15.7%. Functional analysis by NR, Swiss-prot, Pfam, eggNOG, GO, KEGG databases revealed that strain YIM B05605T has 13 genes related to the sulfur cycle, 2 genes related to the nitrogen cycle. Based on phylogenomic and phylogenetic analyses coupled with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strain YIM B05605T could be classified as a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella caldifontis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM B05605T (= CGMCC 1.60052T = KCTC 43462T = NBRC 115921T).

Global burden of asthma in young adults in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: Systematic analysis of the Global burden of disease study 2019.

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, with onset usually occurring during childhood or adolescence. The aim of this study was to estimate the dynamic changes in the burden of asthma disease among adolescents (aged 15-39 years). Between 1990 and 2019, our comprehensive analysis spanned 204 nations and territories to ascertain the global prevalence of asthma. This extensive evaluation meticulously quantified the disease's burden by examining a range of critical metrics-including mortality rates, prevalence figures, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs)-across diverse demographics. Our investigation systematically segmented the data by age, gender, and year, as well as by geographical regions and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), offering an in-depth perspective on the multifaceted impact of asthma worldwide. From 1990 to 2019, there was a global increase in the incidence cases of asthma among young adults, with the number rising from 6487957.18 (95 %UI: 4578735.08-8736387.55) to 7604488.39 (95 % UI:5428024.98-10177808.25). The prevalence rate of asthma among young adults exhibited a decline from 580.09 per 1,00,000 (95 %UI:481.37-757.28) to 504.28 per 1,00,000 (95 %UI:400.64-633.26). It is also noteworthy that the incidence rates in the remaining SDI regions, although lower, also showed varying degrees of increase in 2015. The age-standardized disease burden rate for asthma among young adults has exhibited a decline over the course of the previous three decades. Nevertheless, regions characterized by lower SDI demonstrate elevated age-standardized mortality rates for asthma, thereby warranting focused attention and prioritized allocation of medical resources.

Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity Comparison of Wild-Type and Yellow-Leaf gl1 Mutant of Lagerstroemia indica.

BACKGROUND: The yellow-leaf gl1 mutant of Lagerstroemia indica exhibits an altered phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway compared to wild-type (WT). However, details on the metabolites associated with leaf color variation, including color-specific metabolites with bioactive constituents, are not fully understood. METHODS: Chemical and metabolomics approaches were used to compare metabolite composition and antioxidant capacity between the gl1 mutant and WT leaves. RESULTS: The mutant exhibited an irregular xylem structure with a significantly lower phenolic polymer lignin content and higher soluble phenolic compounds. Untargeted metabolomics analysis identified phenolic compounds, particularly lignans, as key differential metabolites between gl1 and WT, with a significant increase in the mutant. The neolignan derivative balanophonin-4-O-D-glu was identified as a characteristic metabolite in the gl1 mutant. The soluble phenolic compounds of the gl1 mutant exhibited higher FRAP, ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than in WT. Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds in L. indica. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolites associated with leaf color variation in the L. indica yellow-leaf gl1 mutant demonstrated high antioxidant capacity, particularly in scavenging hydroxyl radicals.

Comprehensive DNA Methylation Profiling of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Molecular Classification, Potential Therapeutic Target, and Classifier System.

PURPOSE: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) presents a distinct biological context from other thyroid cancers due to its specific cellular origin. This heterogeneous and rare tumor has a high prevalence of advanced diseases, making it crucial to address the limited therapeutic options and enhance complex clinical management. Given the high clinical accessibility of methylation information, we construct the largest MTC methylation cohort to date. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Seventy-eight fresh-frozen MTC samples constituted our methylation cohort. The comprehensive study process incorporated machine learning, statistical analysis, and in vitro experiments. RESULTS: Our study pioneered the identification of a three-class clustering system for risk stratification, exhibiting pronounced epigenomic heterogeneity. The elevated overall methylation status in MTC-B, combined with the "mutual exclusivity" of hypomethylated sites displayed by MTC-A and MTC-C, distinctively characterized the MTC-specific methylation pattern. Integrating with the transcriptome, we further depicted the features of these three clusters to scrutinize biological properties. Several MTC-specific aberrant DNA methylation events were emphasized in our study. NNAT expression was found to be notably reduced in poor-prognostic MTC-C, with its promoter region overlapping with an upregulated differentially methylated region. In vitro experiments further affirmed NNAT's therapeutic potential. Moreover, we built an elastic-net logistic regression model with a relatively high AUC encompassing 68 probes, intended for future validation and systematic clinical application. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting research on diseases with low incidence poses significant challenges, and we provide a robust resource and comprehensive research framework to assist in ongoing MTC case inclusion and facilitate in-depth dissection of its molecular biological features.